What is polio eradication and it's strategy
Human are the only reservoir of polio virus called Wild Polio Virus.
It has three types 1,2,3, .It is type second which is the first one to
get eliminated, followed by type third and then type One polio virus
from the human environment. Elimination of type second virus generally
indicates a good routine immunization system in an area. The country
has already eliminated type Second virus two years ago .The strategy
for elimination is by having an equally strong system of 4 components
.There are : strong routine immunization ,well conducted pulse polio
rounds. selective Mop-up rounds and a sensitive and responsive AFP
system.
The challenge this year: Resurgence of polio in certain parts of the
country, notably UP in the year 2002,was ascribe to the eradication
efforts being afflicted with poor quality pulse polio strategy and
poor routine immunization in those states.In Delhi the situation on
polio programme and routine immunisation is relatively comfortable. In
addition our AFP surveillance system and the quality of Mop-Up rounds
conducted in the state so far have been quite satisfactory. But
despite this plan in Delhi pulse polio programme this year is to
ensure a very high quality pulse polio and to improve the routine
immunization still further ,by using the pulse polio booth as a window
of opportunity
What it is important?
All infants below 1 year are supposed to be receiving a birth dose of
OPV called Zero dose followed by 3 doses at 6,10,14 weeks of age
alongside DTP 3 doses. Then ,1st booster of OPV of at 1 1/2 year along
with DTP ,followed again with 2 and booster at 41/2 to 5 years along
with DT.Now it has been proved conclusive that pulse polio doses are
complementary to the routine doses and are not a substitute to routine
polio vaccine. The constant migration of population, the newer birth
cohort in the state and the left over about 18-20% of Children need to
be covered effectively.
To sustain and improve the routine coverage of OPV it is quite an
opportunity on the pulse polio day to apprise the parents about the
head of routine immunization.
Likely Benifits
Awareness amongst community about other childhood vaccines and their
utility show improve.
Even misconception among people that pulse polio is the "'Be all and
end all" of all vaccine should get removed to a large extent.
Previous unimmunized children out children will be protected
individually and as a communities .The circulation of wild polio y
will diminish still future and faster.
Even the new importation of virus from adjoining states will be
effectives warded off.
Why see a crippled child afflicted with polio virus when we can root
out the disease by simply giving the polio drops to all children under
5 year of age.
Hoping to see India polio free
Message to public
Parents are requested to get their children under five years protected
with oral polio vaccine drops on the following dates from any polio
booth near your house.
20th June 2010to24th 2010
Even sick and newborn children are to be given polio drops.
These drops are in addition to routine immunization doses.
These drops are completely safe and are of highest quality.
Socially spirited individual and organization are invited to actively
participate in this programme.
Pulse polio on January 17
Special correspondence
The pulse polio programme for administering oral polio vaccine will be
held in the district on January 17and February 21.As many as 1,47,218
children below 5 year will be given vaccine on these days in the
district.
The district administration has planned to set up 1.434 booths for
distribution of the vaccine .Of this ,279 will be in Urban limits and
1,55 will be in rural areas. This apart ,there will be 36 transit
booths and 27 mobile booths.Booths will be set up railway stations,
bus stands ,hospitals, health centers, and festivalvenues.
Over 8,000 people ,including health department employees, anganwadi
workers ,Kudumbasree workers and members of voluntary organisation,
will take part in the programme .As many as 623 children of migrant
workers will be given polio drops.
Health department workers will visit houses on January 18 and 19 and
on February 22 and 23 to ensure that the drops have been administered
to see children. Oral drops would be given to those who were unable to
attend the schedule programme medical officers will be given training
at the public health center level to handle the programme on January
8.voluntary workers will be given training from Januaruary 12 to 14.
What is Polio?
Polio is a highly contagious diseases caused by a virus that attacks
the nervous system. Children younger than 5 years old are more likely
to contract the virus than any other group.
According to the WHo ,one in 200 polio infections will result in
permanent paralysis. However, the disease has been largely eradicated
thanks to the development of a polio vaccine. The most recent WHO
poll,in 2010,reported only 1,352 causes of polio worldwide.
Thanks to the polio vaccine, the U.S.has not had a reported case of
polio since 1979.However, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria still have
frequent outbreaks.
Types of polio
There are 3 types of polio infections:
1- Subclinical :
Approximately 95% of polio cases are subclinical, and patients may not
experience any symptoms. This from of polio doesn't affect the central
nervous system.
2-Nonparalytic: This from ,which does affect the central nervous
system, produces only mild symptoms and does not result in paralysis.
3-Paralytic: This is the rarest and most serious from of polio ,which
produces full or partial paralysis in the patient. They are three
types of paralytic polio: spinal polio ,bulbar polio, and bulbospinal
polio.-Post-polio syndrome is a complication that can occur after a
person has caught and recovered from polio virus .Symptoms of the
syndrome can appear up to 35 years after the polio infection.
What causes polio?
Polio virus is often transmitted from person to person through fecal
matter .People living in areas with limited access to running water or
flush toilets often get the virus from drinking water contaminated by
human waste that contains the virus.
In addition the virus can be spread by contaminated food or water or
direct contact with another infected person.According to the May
Clinic ,the virus that causes polio is so contagious that anyone
living with an infected person will likely become infected themselves.
Pregnant women, people with weakened immune system such as HIV
people, and young children are the most susceptible to the polio
virus. If you have not been vaccinated ,you increase your risk of
contracting polio by:
* Traveling to an area that has had a recent polio outbreak
*Taking care of or living with someone infected with polio
*Handling a laboratory specimen of the virus
*Having your tonsils removed
*External stress,which can compromise immune system function.
Recognizing the symptoms of polio
Sub-clinical polio my not trigger noticeable sum .In fact it is
estimated than 95to99% of infected patients are asymptomatic .In five
% of polio cases in which patients do experience symptoms, they can
range from mild to severe.Paralytic polio has more severe symptoms and
can be fatal .Patients w non paralytic polio experience mild,flu-like
symptoms.
Sub-clinical polio
If patients do have symptoms, they usually last for 72 hours or less
and may include:
* Headache
* Sore,red throat
* Slight fever
* Vomiting
Non paralytic polio
The symptoms of non paralytic polio may last for a couple of days to a
week or two and include
* Fever
*Sore throat in the absence of upper respiratory infection
* Headache
* Fatigue
* Abnormal reflexes
* Problem swallowing or breathing
* Back and neck pain and stiffness ,particularly neck stiffness with
forward flexion of the neck
* Arm and leg pain or stiffness
* Muscle tenderness and spasms
Paralytic polio
People with paralytic polio experience the symptoms with non -
paralytic polio first .Soon after, the following symptoms appear:
* Loss of reflexes
* Severe spasms and muscle pain
* Loose and floppy limbs,sometimes on just one side of the body,this
is due to the weakness which results from the involvement of the spine
* Sudden paralysis
* Deformed limbs
Full paralysis can eventually develop ,but it is rare .Only about one
% of all polio cases will result in a person being permanently
paralyzed. Of those patients who experience paralysis, five to ten %
will die when the paralysis attacks the muscle that control breathing.
Post - polio syndrome
The symptoms of post - polio syndrome are:
Continuing muscle and joint weakness
Muscle pain that gets worse
Becoming easily exhausted or fatigued
Muscle wasting ,also called muscle atrophy
Trouble breathing and swallowing
Sleep related breathing problems
Becoming easily cold
New onset of weakness in previously uninvolved muscles
How do doctors diagnose polio?
Doctor will use the patients reported symptoms to help determine
whether he or she has polio. During a physical examination ,a doctor
may notice that the patient has impaired reflexes, back and neck
stiffness ,or difficulty lifting his or her head while lying flat.
To definitively diagnose polio, a doctor will take a sample of the
patients throat secretions ,stool ,or cerebrospinal fluid .The sample
is then tested to see if it consistent with what is called aseptic
meningitis.
How to doctor treat polio?
There is no cure for polio .Doctors can only treat the symptoms while
the infection runs its course. The most common treatment include:
Rest
Painkiller to relieve headaches ,muscle aches,and muscle spasms
Portable ventilator to help with breathing
Antibiotics for urinary tract infections
Heating pads or warm towels to ease muscle aches and spasms
Physical therapy to treat pain in the affected muscle
Physical therapy to address breathing and pulmonary problems and then
pulmonary rehabilitation to increase the patients pulmonary endurance
as the acute breathing problems improve
In advanced cases of leg weakness ,when a patient has difficulty
walking he or she may need a wheelchair or other mobility device
How to prevent polio
The best way to prevent polio is to get vaccinated .Children should
get polio shots according to the CDC vaccination schedule, shown
below.
Rarely,the shots can cause mild or sever allergic ,including:
Breathing problems
High fever
Dizziness
Hives
Swelling of throat
Rapid heart rate
Adults in the United States are not at a high risk for contracting
polio. The greatest risk is when traveling to an area where polio is
still common .Make sure to get a series of shots before you can
travel
Center for Disease Control Vaccination Schedule
2 months One dose
4 months One dose
6 to 18 months One dose
4 to 6 years Booster dose
Human are the only reservoir of polio virus called Wild Polio Virus.
It has three types 1,2,3, .It is type second which is the first one to
get eliminated, followed by type third and then type One polio virus
from the human environment. Elimination of type second virus generally
indicates a good routine immunization system in an area. The country
has already eliminated type Second virus two years ago .The strategy
for elimination is by having an equally strong system of 4 components
.There are : strong routine immunization ,well conducted pulse polio
rounds. selective Mop-up rounds and a sensitive and responsive AFP
system.
The challenge this year: Resurgence of polio in certain parts of the
country, notably UP in the year 2002,was ascribe to the eradication
efforts being afflicted with poor quality pulse polio strategy and
poor routine immunization in those states.In Delhi the situation on
polio programme and routine immunisation is relatively comfortable. In
addition our AFP surveillance system and the quality of Mop-Up rounds
conducted in the state so far have been quite satisfactory. But
despite this plan in Delhi pulse polio programme this year is to
ensure a very high quality pulse polio and to improve the routine
immunization still further ,by using the pulse polio booth as a window
of opportunity
What it is important?
All infants below 1 year are supposed to be receiving a birth dose of
OPV called Zero dose followed by 3 doses at 6,10,14 weeks of age
alongside DTP 3 doses. Then ,1st booster of OPV of at 1 1/2 year along
with DTP ,followed again with 2 and booster at 41/2 to 5 years along
with DT.Now it has been proved conclusive that pulse polio doses are
complementary to the routine doses and are not a substitute to routine
polio vaccine. The constant migration of population, the newer birth
cohort in the state and the left over about 18-20% of Children need to
be covered effectively.
To sustain and improve the routine coverage of OPV it is quite an
opportunity on the pulse polio day to apprise the parents about the
head of routine immunization.
Likely Benifits
Awareness amongst community about other childhood vaccines and their
utility show improve.
Even misconception among people that pulse polio is the "'Be all and
end all" of all vaccine should get removed to a large extent.
Previous unimmunized children out children will be protected
individually and as a communities .The circulation of wild polio y
will diminish still future and faster.
Even the new importation of virus from adjoining states will be
effectives warded off.
Why see a crippled child afflicted with polio virus when we can root
out the disease by simply giving the polio drops to all children under
5 year of age.
Hoping to see India polio free
Message to public
Parents are requested to get their children under five years protected
with oral polio vaccine drops on the following dates from any polio
booth near your house.
20th June 2010to24th 2010
Even sick and newborn children are to be given polio drops.
These drops are in addition to routine immunization doses.
These drops are completely safe and are of highest quality.
Socially spirited individual and organization are invited to actively
participate in this programme.
Pulse polio on January 17
Special correspondence
The pulse polio programme for administering oral polio vaccine will be
held in the district on January 17and February 21.As many as 1,47,218
children below 5 year will be given vaccine on these days in the
district.
The district administration has planned to set up 1.434 booths for
distribution of the vaccine .Of this ,279 will be in Urban limits and
1,55 will be in rural areas. This apart ,there will be 36 transit
booths and 27 mobile booths.Booths will be set up railway stations,
bus stands ,hospitals, health centers, and festivalvenues.
Over 8,000 people ,including health department employees, anganwadi
workers ,Kudumbasree workers and members of voluntary organisation,
will take part in the programme .As many as 623 children of migrant
workers will be given polio drops.
Health department workers will visit houses on January 18 and 19 and
on February 22 and 23 to ensure that the drops have been administered
to see children. Oral drops would be given to those who were unable to
attend the schedule programme medical officers will be given training
at the public health center level to handle the programme on January
8.voluntary workers will be given training from Januaruary 12 to 14.
What is Polio?
Polio is a highly contagious diseases caused by a virus that attacks
the nervous system. Children younger than 5 years old are more likely
to contract the virus than any other group.
According to the WHo ,one in 200 polio infections will result in
permanent paralysis. However, the disease has been largely eradicated
thanks to the development of a polio vaccine. The most recent WHO
poll,in 2010,reported only 1,352 causes of polio worldwide.
Thanks to the polio vaccine, the U.S.has not had a reported case of
polio since 1979.However, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria still have
frequent outbreaks.
Types of polio
There are 3 types of polio infections:
1- Subclinical :
Approximately 95% of polio cases are subclinical, and patients may not
experience any symptoms. This from of polio doesn't affect the central
nervous system.
2-Nonparalytic: This from ,which does affect the central nervous
system, produces only mild symptoms and does not result in paralysis.
3-Paralytic: This is the rarest and most serious from of polio ,which
produces full or partial paralysis in the patient. They are three
types of paralytic polio: spinal polio ,bulbar polio, and bulbospinal
polio.-Post-polio syndrome is a complication that can occur after a
person has caught and recovered from polio virus .Symptoms of the
syndrome can appear up to 35 years after the polio infection.
What causes polio?
Polio virus is often transmitted from person to person through fecal
matter .People living in areas with limited access to running water or
flush toilets often get the virus from drinking water contaminated by
human waste that contains the virus.
In addition the virus can be spread by contaminated food or water or
direct contact with another infected person.According to the May
Clinic ,the virus that causes polio is so contagious that anyone
living with an infected person will likely become infected themselves.
Pregnant women, people with weakened immune system such as HIV
people, and young children are the most susceptible to the polio
virus. If you have not been vaccinated ,you increase your risk of
contracting polio by:
* Traveling to an area that has had a recent polio outbreak
*Taking care of or living with someone infected with polio
*Handling a laboratory specimen of the virus
*Having your tonsils removed
*External stress,which can compromise immune system function.
Recognizing the symptoms of polio
Sub-clinical polio my not trigger noticeable sum .In fact it is
estimated than 95to99% of infected patients are asymptomatic .In five
% of polio cases in which patients do experience symptoms, they can
range from mild to severe.Paralytic polio has more severe symptoms and
can be fatal .Patients w non paralytic polio experience mild,flu-like
symptoms.
Sub-clinical polio
If patients do have symptoms, they usually last for 72 hours or less
and may include:
* Headache
* Sore,red throat
* Slight fever
* Vomiting
Non paralytic polio
The symptoms of non paralytic polio may last for a couple of days to a
week or two and include
* Fever
*Sore throat in the absence of upper respiratory infection
* Headache
* Fatigue
* Abnormal reflexes
* Problem swallowing or breathing
* Back and neck pain and stiffness ,particularly neck stiffness with
forward flexion of the neck
* Arm and leg pain or stiffness
* Muscle tenderness and spasms
Paralytic polio
People with paralytic polio experience the symptoms with non -
paralytic polio first .Soon after, the following symptoms appear:
* Loss of reflexes
* Severe spasms and muscle pain
* Loose and floppy limbs,sometimes on just one side of the body,this
is due to the weakness which results from the involvement of the spine
* Sudden paralysis
* Deformed limbs
Full paralysis can eventually develop ,but it is rare .Only about one
% of all polio cases will result in a person being permanently
paralyzed. Of those patients who experience paralysis, five to ten %
will die when the paralysis attacks the muscle that control breathing.
Post - polio syndrome
The symptoms of post - polio syndrome are:
Continuing muscle and joint weakness
Muscle pain that gets worse
Becoming easily exhausted or fatigued
Muscle wasting ,also called muscle atrophy
Trouble breathing and swallowing
Sleep related breathing problems
Becoming easily cold
New onset of weakness in previously uninvolved muscles
How do doctors diagnose polio?
Doctor will use the patients reported symptoms to help determine
whether he or she has polio. During a physical examination ,a doctor
may notice that the patient has impaired reflexes, back and neck
stiffness ,or difficulty lifting his or her head while lying flat.
To definitively diagnose polio, a doctor will take a sample of the
patients throat secretions ,stool ,or cerebrospinal fluid .The sample
is then tested to see if it consistent with what is called aseptic
meningitis.
How to doctor treat polio?
There is no cure for polio .Doctors can only treat the symptoms while
the infection runs its course. The most common treatment include:
Rest
Painkiller to relieve headaches ,muscle aches,and muscle spasms
Portable ventilator to help with breathing
Antibiotics for urinary tract infections
Heating pads or warm towels to ease muscle aches and spasms
Physical therapy to treat pain in the affected muscle
Physical therapy to address breathing and pulmonary problems and then
pulmonary rehabilitation to increase the patients pulmonary endurance
as the acute breathing problems improve
In advanced cases of leg weakness ,when a patient has difficulty
walking he or she may need a wheelchair or other mobility device
How to prevent polio
The best way to prevent polio is to get vaccinated .Children should
get polio shots according to the CDC vaccination schedule, shown
below.
Rarely,the shots can cause mild or sever allergic ,including:
Breathing problems
High fever
Dizziness
Hives
Swelling of throat
Rapid heart rate
Adults in the United States are not at a high risk for contracting
polio. The greatest risk is when traveling to an area where polio is
still common .Make sure to get a series of shots before you can
travel
Center for Disease Control Vaccination Schedule
2 months One dose
4 months One dose
6 to 18 months One dose
4 to 6 years Booster dose
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